Text Case Converter

The Title Case rule this page applies

There is no single correct Title Case. Chicago, AP, APA and MLA disagree with each other about prepositions, about how long a word has to be before it gets a capital, and about hyphenated compounds. A converter that does not say which rule it used leaves you unable to check its answer. So here is the whole rule, in the order it is applied.

1. These words stay lowercase in the middle of a title

Twenty five words, matched case insensitively. Anything not on this list gets a capital.

This is the short function word set: the three articles, the coordinating conjunctions, and the prepositions of three letters or fewer plus via. Longer prepositions such as about, after, between, from, into, over, than, with and without are capitalised, which is the Chicago and APA habit rather than the AP one.

2. The first and last word always get a capital

Even when they are on the list. the sun also rises becomes The Sun Also Rises, and what are you waiting for becomes What Are You Waiting For.

3. A word that starts a new part also gets a capital

The word after a colon, full stop, question mark, exclamation mark, semicolon or dash is treated as a new opening word, so a study in scarlet: the first case becomes A Study in Scarlet: The First Case.

This rule outranks rule 1, and an abbreviation is the place you will notice it. The full stop in v. and vs. counts as a stop, so roe v. wade and the court becomes Roe v. Wade and the Court: the abbreviation itself stays lowercase, and the word after it is capitalised as if a new part had begun. Here that is the answer you wanted anyway.

4. Hyphenated and slashed compounds are split, then run through the same rule

The first and last piece of the compound are capitalised and the short words between them are not, so state-of-the-art becomes State-of-the-Art, check-in becomes Check-In, and and/or becomes And/Or.

5. A word that already carries an inner capital is left exactly as typed

iPhone, JavaScript, NASA and McDonald survive Title Case unchanged, because forcing them to Iphone, Javascript, Nasa and Mcdonald is the single most common way an automatic converter ruins a heading.

The one exception, and it is worth knowing. If your text contains no lowercase letter at all, that is, it is entirely in capitals, this protection is switched off and every word is re-cased normally. In shouted text an acronym cannot be told apart from a shouted ordinary word, so NASA LAUNCHES ROCKET becomes Nasa Launches Rocket. Fix the acronym by hand, or lowercase the text first and then apply Title Case.

Worked examples

What the other five buttons do

UPPER CASE

Every letter to uppercase, using the browser's own locale aware mapping. German ß becomes SS and Greek final sigma is handled for you, because this is the language engine's job and not a lookup table's.

lower case

Every letter to lowercase. Digits, punctuation and emoji pass through untouched.

Sentence case

Everything is lowercased first, then the first letter of the text and the first letter after each ., !, ? or line break is capitalised. Closing quotes and brackets between the stop and the next word are stepped over, so he left. "then what?" she asked. capitalises Then. The standalone pronoun i, along with i'm, i'll, i've and i'd, is restored to a capital. Because the first step lowercases everything, proper nouns and acronyms are not preserved: this transform is for a heading you want to read as a sentence, not for repairing prose.

aLtErNaTiNg

Letters alternate lowercase, uppercase, lowercase, starting with lowercase. Only letters advance the pattern. Spaces, digits and punctuation are copied through without taking a turn, so the rhythm survives a space instead of restarting at random, which is what makes the output look deliberate rather than accidental.

rEVERSE

Case inversion, exactly as the button's own label demonstrates: every uppercase letter becomes lowercase and every lowercase letter becomes uppercase. The order of the characters is not touched, only their case. Press it twice on the same text and you get the original back.

How the counts are worked out

• Characters counts Unicode code points, not UTF-16 units, so one emoji counts as one character rather than two. Spaces and line breaks are included.
• No spaces is the same count with every whitespace character removed, including tabs and line breaks.
• Words splits on runs of whitespace after trimming the ends. A hyphenated compound is one word, an em dash with spaces around it counts as one, and an empty box counts zero.
• Lines counts line breaks plus one, so a single line of text counts one and an empty box counts zero. A trailing newline produces a final empty line, and that empty line is counted.

These are word processor conventions, not the character limit rules of any one platform. If you are counting against a hard cap, the sibling Character Limit Checker applies each platform's own counting rule instead.

Questions

Does my text get uploaded anywhere?

No. There is no account, no upload and no server side storage, and this site has no endpoint that accepts a request body at all. Every transform runs in this page, and the text is gone the moment you close the tab.

Why does your Title Case disagree with my style guide?

Almost certainly on prepositions. AP lowercases every preposition of three letters or fewer and capitalises the rest; Chicago lowercases prepositions regardless of length in most cases; APA capitalises any word of four letters or more. This page follows the rule printed above, which is closest to Chicago for short words and to APA for long ones. Where they differ, the list in section one tells you exactly what to expect, so you can fix the two or three words yourself rather than proofreading the whole line.

Can I undo a transform?

Yes, one step. Undo restores the text as it was immediately before the last button press. Your browser's own undo, control or command with Z, also works while the cursor is in the box.

Why did Title Case flatten my acronyms?

Because the input had no lowercase letter anywhere, which switches off the inner capital protection described in section five. Lowercase the text first, restore the acronyms, then apply Title Case.

Does Copy work on iOS Safari?

Yes. The copy uses the asynchronous clipboard API where the browser offers it, and falls back to selecting the box and running the old copy command where it does not. If both are blocked, the text is left selected so that a manual copy is one keystroke away.